Binding by calmodulin is coupled to transient unfolding of the third FF domain of Prp40A

Abstract

AbstractHuman pre‐mRNA processing protein 40 homolog A (hPrp40A) is a splicing factor that interacts with the Huntington's disease protein huntingtin (Htt). Evidence has accumulated that both Htt and hPrp40A are modulated by the intracellular Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM). Here we report characterization of the interaction of human CM with the third FF domain (FF3) of hPrp40A using calorimetric, fluorescence and structural approaches. Homology modeling, differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data show FF3 forms a folded globular domain. CaM was found to bind FF3 in a Ca2+‐dependent manner with a 1:1 stoichiometry and a dissociation constant (Kd) of 25 ± 3 μM at 25°C. NMR studies showed that both domains of CaM are engaged in binding and SAXS analysis of the FF3‐CaM complex revealed CaM occupies an extended configuration. Analysis of the FF3 sequence showed that the anchors for CaM binding must be buried in its hydrophobic core, suggesting that binding to CaM requires unfolding of FF3. Trp anchors were proposed based on sequence analysis and confirmed by intrinsic Trp fluorescence of FF3 upon binding of CaM and substantial reductions in affinity for Trp‐Ala FF3 mutants. The consensus model of the complex showed that binding to CaM binding occurs to an extended, non‐globular state of the FF3, consistent with coupling to transient unfolding of the domain. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the complex interplay of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensor proteins in modulating Prp40A‐Htt function.