The life‐course changes in muscle mass using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry: The China BCL study and the US NHANES study

Author:

Wang Xi1,Gao Liwang12,Xiong Jingfan3,Cheng Hong4,Liu Li5,Dong Hongbo1,Huang Yiwen1,Fan Hongmin6,Wang Xia1,Shan Xinying4,Xiao Pei1,Liu Junting7,Yan Yinkun1,Mi Jie1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Noncommunicable Disease Management Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health Beijing China

2. School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China

3. Child and Adolescent Chronic Diseases Prevention and Control Department Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control Shenzhen China

4. Department of Epidemiology Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China

5. School of Public Health Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China

6. North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China

7. Child Health Big Data Research Center Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is an important indicator of ill health and is linked to increased mortality and a reduced quality of life. Age‐associated muscle mass indices provide a critical tool to help understand the development of sarcopenia. This study aimed to develop sex‐ and age‐specific percentiles for muscle mass indices in a Chinese population and to compare those indices with those from other ethnicities using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.MethodsWhole‐body and regional muscle mass was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in participants of the China Body Composition Life‐course (BCL) study (17 203 healthy Chinese aged 3–60 years, male 48.9%) and NHANES (12 663 healthy Americans aged 8–59 years, male 50.4%). Age‐ and sex‐specific percentile curves were generated for whole‐body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape statistical method.ResultsValues of upper and lower muscle mass across ages had three periods: an increase from age 3 to a peak at age 25 in males (with the 5th and 95th values of 41.5 and 66.4 kg, respectively) and age 23 in females (with the 5th and 95th values of 28.4 and 45.1 kg, respectively), a plateau through midlife (30s–50s) and then a decline after their early 50s. The age at which muscle mass began to decline was 52 years in men with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 43.5 and 64.6 kg, and 51 years in women with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 31.6 and 46.9 kg. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass decreased earlier than whole body muscle mass, especially leg skeletal muscle mass, which decreased slightly after age 49 years in both sexes. In comparison with their US counterparts in the NHANES, the Chinese participants had lower muscle mass indices (all P < 0.001) and reached a muscle mass peak earlier with a lower muscle mass, with the exception of similar values compared with adult Mexican and White participants. The muscle mass growth rate of Chinese children decreased faster than that of other races after the age of 13.ConclusionsWe present the sex‐ and age‐specific percentiles for muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass by DXA in participants aged 3–60 from China and compare them with those of different ethnic groups in NHANES. The rich data characterize the trajectories of key muscle mass indices that may facilitate the clinical appraisal of muscle mass and improve the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in the Chinese population.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzen Municipality

Publisher

Wiley

Reference40 articles.

1. National Bureau of Statistics.Communiqu é of the Seventh National Population Census.2020.

2. United States Census Bureau.2020 census results. Available from:https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/05/2020‐census‐united‐states‐older‐population‐grew.html. Accessed 02 Aug 2023.

3. Sarcopenia

4. Falls, fractures, and areal bone mineral density in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

5. A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

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