Sialic Acids Blockade‐Based Chemo‐Immunotherapy Featuring Cancer Cell Chemosensitivity and Antitumor Immune Response Synergies

Abstract

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with cancer, although the majority of such patients achieve low response rates; consequently, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. The upregulation of sialic acid‐containing glycans is a common characteristic of cancer‐related glycosylation, which drives disease progression and immune escape via numerous pathways. Herein, the development of self‐assembled core–shell nanoscale coordination polymer nanoparticles loaded with a sialyltransferase inhibitor, referred to as NCP‐STI which effectively stripped diverse sialoglycans from cancer cells, providing an antibody‐independent pattern to disrupt the emerging Siglec‐sialic acid glyco‐immune checkpoint is reported. Furthermore, NCP‐STI inhibits sialylation of the concentrated nucleoside transporter 1 (CNT1), promotes the intracellular accumulation of anticancer agent gemcitabine (Gem), and enhances Gem‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). As a result, the combination of NCP‐STI and Gem (NCP‐STI/Gem) evokes a robust antitumor immune response and exhibits superior efficacy in restraining the growth of multiple murine tumors and pulmonary metastasis. Collectively, the findings demonstrate a novel form of small molecule‐based chemo‐immunotherapy approach which features sialic acids blockade that enables cooperative effects of cancer cell chemosensitivity and antitumor immune responses for cancer treatment.