Association of hypertension severity and control with risk of incident atrial fibrillation: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe association of hypertension (HTN) severity and control with the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear.HypothesisIncreased HTN severity and poorer blood pressure control would be associated with an increased risk of incident AF.MethodsThis analysis included 9485 participants (mean age 63 ± 8 years; 56% women; 35% Black). Participants were stratified into six mutually exclusive groups at baseline—normotension (n = 1629), prehypertension (n = 704), controlled HTN (n = 2224), uncontrolled HTN (n = 4123), controlled apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension (aTRH) (n = 88), and uncontrolled aTRH (n = 717). Incident AF was ascertained at the follow‐up visit, defined by either electrocardiogram or self‐reported medical history of a physician diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic and clinical variables.ResultsOver an average of 9.3 years later, 868 incident AF cases were detected. Compared to those with normotension, incident AF risk was highest for those with aTRH (controlled aTRH: odds ratio (OR) 2.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60, 5.43, & uncontrolled aTRH: OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.76, 3.48). The increase in AF risk was smaller for those on no more than three antihypertensive agents regardless of their blood pressure control (controlled OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.30, 2.29 and uncontrolled OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.14, 2.13).ConclusionsThe risk of developing AF is increased in all individuals with HTN. Risk is highest in those aTRH regardless of blood pressure control. A more aggressive approach that focuses on lifestyle and pharmacologic measures to either prevent HTN or better control HTN during earlier stages may be particularly beneficial in reducing related AF risk.