A greening theory of change: How neighborhood greening impacts adolescent health disparities

Author:

Kondo Michelle C.1ORCID,Locke Dexter2ORCID,Hazer Meghan3,Mendelson Tamar4,Fix Rebecca L.5ORCID,Joshi Ashley4,Latshaw Megan6,Fry Dustin1,Mmari Kristin4

Affiliation:

1. USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA

2. USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Baltimore Maryland USA

3. Baltimore City Department of Public Works, Office of Research and Environmental Protection Watershed Planning + Partnerships Baltimore Maryland USA

4. Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA

5. Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA

6. Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA

Abstract

AbstractNeighborhoods are one of the key determinants of health disparities among young people in the United States. While neighborhood deprivation can exacerbate health disparities, amenities such as quality parks and greenspace can support adolescent health. Existing conceptual frameworks of greening‐health largely focus on greenspace exposures, rather than greening interventions. In this paper, we develop and propose a Greening Theory of Change that explains how greening initiatives might affect adolescent health in deprived neighborhoods. The theory situates greening activities and possible mechanisms of change in the context of their ability to modify distal social determinants of health factors, stemming from macrostructural and historical processes that lead to resource inequalities, affecting both the social and built environment in which adolescents live and develop. The framework illustrates both short‐ and long‐term health, economic, and security effects of greening. We also describe how the theory informed the development of Project VITAL (Vacant lot Improvement to Transform Adolescent Lives) in Baltimore, MD, which aims to (1) build a citywide sharable database on vacant lot restoration activities, (2) evaluate the impact of greening initiatives on adolescent health outcomes, (3) conduct cost‐effectiveness analyses, and (4) develop best practices for greening programs for improved adolescent health.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Applied Psychology,Health (social science)

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