Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Gallic Acid Based Chalcone Indl 2 by Inhibiting Efflux Pump Transporters

Abstract

AbstractAs a part of novel discovery of drugs from natural resources, present study was undertaken to explore the antibacterial potential of chalcone Indl‐2 in combination with different group of antibiotics. MIC of antibiotics was reduced up to eight folds against the different cultures of E. coli by both chalcones. Among the two compounds, the i. e. 1‐(3′, 4,′5′‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐(3‐Indyl)‐prop‐2‐enone (6, Indl‐2), a chalcone derivative of gallic acid (Indl‐2) was better along with tetracycline (TET) worked synergistically and was found to inhibit efflux transporters as obvious by ethidium bromide efflux confirmed by ATPase assays and docking studies. In combination, Indl‐2 kills the MDREC−KG4 cells, post‐antibiotic effect (PAE) of TET was prolonged and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of TET was also decreased. In‐vivo studies revealed that Indl‐2 reduces the concentration of TNF‐α. In acute oral toxicity study, Indl‐2 was non‐toxic and well tolerated up‐to dose of 2000 mg/kg. Perhaps, the study is going to report gallic acid derived chalcone as synergistic agent acting via inhibiting the primary efflux pumps.