Nutraceutical Activity of Anthocyanins from the Edible Berries of Rhamnus pompana

Abstract

AbstractWe present the inhibitory properties of the R. pompana anthocyanin fraction (RPAF) and its major constituents on alpha‐glucosidase (AG), pancreatic lipase (PL), HMG‐CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The effect of RPAF was also evaluated in ICR male mice subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hypercaloric/atherogenic diet for 30 days. RP‐HPLC/MS profiling revealed that RPAF contained five major anthocyanins and induced slight inhibition on PL and HMG‐CoA reductase (IC50, 245–338 μg mL−1) whereas strong activity on AG and ODC (IC50, 130–133 μg mL−1) was observed. Kinetic studies and molecular docking with pelargonidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside (P3R) on ODC, revealed changes in Km (0.9514–0.9746 mM) and Vmax (1.96–2.32 μmol mg−1 min−1) suggesting mixed inhibition and molecular interaction with two active sites of ODC. P3R showed antiproliferative activity (IC50, 46.5 μM) and decreased polyamine accumulation in DLD‐1 cells. The results of OGTT confirmed that RPAF regulates postprandial glucose levels in diabetic animals which experienced a significant glucose depletion (30 %; p<0.001) from 30 to 120 min post‐treatment. Prolonged supplementation of RPAF caused significant decrease (p<0.001) in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL‐c and triglycerides as well as significant increase (p<0.001) of HDL‐c compared with normoglycemic untreated animals.