swPHoToNs: Toward trillion‐body‐scale cosmological N‐body simulations on Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer

Author:

Liu Zhao12ORCID,Wang Qiao3,Lv Xiaojing24,Liu Xu2,Meng Hongsong2,Zhu Guanghui5,Gao Liang3,Fu Haohuan6,Yang Guangwen12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

2. Department of Parallel Optimization National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi Wuxi China

3. Key Laboratory of Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

4. Center of Software Engineering Technology China Ship Scientific Research Center Wuxi China

5. Department of Government and Enterprise Business Huirong Electronic Systems Engineering Co., Ltd. Shanghai China

6. Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China

Abstract

AbstractCosmological N‐body simulations have been essential for astronomers to study the formation of nonlinear structures and hypotheses of dark matter, dark energy, etc. The scale of the problem naturally leads to extreme scenarios with billions or even trillions of particles, thus demanding massive computational power and highly efficient algorithms. In this paper, we present swPHoToNs, a Particle‐Mesh (PM) and Fast Multipole Method‐ (FMM) based code that can perform cosmological simulations with trillions of particles efficiently on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. Our design includes three novel optimizations: (1) a multilevel domain decomposition and dynamic load‐balancing scheme; (2) a pipeline strategy for tree traversal and gravity calculation; (3) optimizations for both computation and MPI kernels with consideration of the hardware features. We manage to conduct cosmological simulations which contain up to 1.6 trillion particles, obtaining a sustained performance of 56.3 PFlops with a weak‐scaling parallel efficiency of 80.9% and a computational efficiency of 44.9%.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Polit National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Engineering,General Computer Science

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