Biorremediação dos efluentes do Rio São Francisco em Petrolina-PE: perspectivas de tratamento

Abstract

Due to the increase in cities, which results in a greater production of domestic and industrial waste, huge environmental and public health losses can occur when they are not assisted by sewage and landfills. Often the effluents from these cities are dumped in inappropriate places, such as rivers, lakes, streams and the like. Thus, it is necessary that actions such as the bioremediation of effluents that are discharged into environments, or close to those where water is collected for human consumption, are increasingly active. Therefore, this research aims to prospect the main methods used in the bioremediation of aquatic environments intended for human consumption and to compare them with ordinary decontamination processes, as well as to identify the main benefits of these types of treatment in order to guarantee water quality. Data were collected through research on the Periodicals Capes platform. Based on themes related to basic sanitation, inadequate discharge of effluents in aquatic environments, contamination status of the São Francisco River in the regions of Petrolina-PE and Juazeiro-BA and the effluent bioremediation of water environments and these were analyzed by the method of Content Analysis of Bardin, using a qualitative approach. After the analysis of the results, it was observed that the cities of Petrolina-PE and Juazeiro-BA present several means for the discharge of effluents in water environments, such as, dumping of waste into streams that flow into the São Francisco river, sewage directly discharged on the São Francisco river. Although there are measures to clean up the river, it is difficult to find proposals on the bioremediation of the São Francisco River, despite the effective measures for bioremediation of river effluents pointed out by several theorists.