Predictive Value Analysis of Serum Ig A, Ig G, and TNF-α in Recurrence of Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

Objective. The study is aimed at analyzing the predictive value of serum Ig A, Ig G, and TNF-α in the recurrence of multiple myeloma (MM). Methods. 136 patients with MM treated in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2017 were followed up for 5 years. Finally, 100 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and had the complete follow-up visit were selected as the study subjects, with the recurrence of MM as endpoint event, and the observation was taken until the occurrence of endpoint event in patients or the termination of this study. They were divided into the recurrence group (RG) and the nonrecurrence group (NRG) according to whether the endpoint event occurred. The venous blood of patients was collected at the first diagnosis and subsequent visit (at the time of recurrence or termination of the study) to measure the Ig A and Ig G using a full automatic special protein analyzer and the TNF-α level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by univariate analysis to choose the factors with difference in statistical significance to draw the ROC curve, and the areas under the curve (AUC) were recorded to analyze the potential mechanism of Ig A, Ig G, and TNF-α in predicting the recurrence of MM. Results. After follow-up visit, there were 62 patients with recurrence (62.0%) and 38 patients without recurrence (38.0%), with no obvious difference in gender, age, body weight, and immune classification between the two groups ( $P>0.05$ ). Compared with the NRG, the levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) in the RG at the first diagnosis were distinctly higher ( $P<0.001$ ); the levels of Ig A, Ig G, and TNF-α in the RG at the first diagnosis were visibly higher ( $P<0.05$ ); and the levels of Ig A, Ig G, and TNF-α in the RG at the subsequent visit were clearly higher ( $P<0.05$ ). There was a correlation between Ig G, Ig A, and TNF-α and β2-MG at the first diagnosis and the subsequent visit ( $P<0.05$ ); there was a correlation between Ig G and TNF-α, and sIL-2R at the first diagnosis and the subsequent visit ( $P<0.05$ ); and there was a correlation between Ig A and sIL-2R at the subsequent visit ( $P<0.05$ ). The AUC of Ig G, Ig A, and TNF-α in predicting the MM at the first diagnosis were 0.772, 0.776, and 0.778, respectively. Conclusion. The serum Ig A, Ig G, and TNF-α had a predictive value in the recurrence of MM, and TNF-α was correlated with sIL-2R and β2-MG, with the highest AUC and the best predictive value.