Neural Network Clustering and Swarm Intelligence-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Machine Learning Perspective

Abstract

With no requirement for an established network infrastructure, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are well suited for applications that call for quick network deployment. Military training and emergency rescue operations are two prominent uses of WSNs. The individual network nodes must carry out routing and intrusion detection because there is no predetermined routing or intrusion detection in a wireless network. WSNs can only manage a certain volume of data, and doing so requires a significant amount of energy to process, transmit, and receive. Since sensors have a modest energy source and a constrained bandwidth, they cannot transmit all of their data to a base station for processing and analysis. Therefore, machine learning (ML) techniques are needed for WSNs to facilitate data transmission. Other current solutions have drawbacks as well, such as being less reliable, more susceptible to environmental changes, converging more slowly, and having shorter network lifetimes. This study addressed problems with wireless sensor networks and devised an efficient clustering and routing algorithm based on machine learning. Results from simulations demonstrate that the proposed system beats previous state-of-the-art models on a variety of metrics, including accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity (0.93, 0.93, and 0.92 respectively).