1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
2. Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
3. Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
4. Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yuan Lin Branch, Yuan Lin 64041, Taiwan
5. Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23561, Taiwan
6. Missile & Rocket Systems Research Division, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Longtan, Taoyuan 32500, Taiwan
7. Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chung-Li 32001, Taiwan