Topical Steroids and Antibiotics for Adult Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC): A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract

Purpose. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical treatments (including steroids and antibiotics) for adults with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC). Methods. The following databases were searched for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs): China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database (CENTRAL). Two reviewers selected studies and analyzed the risk of bias independently. The treatments were loteprednol 0.5%/tobramycin 0.3% (LE/T) and dexamethasone 0.1%/tobramycin 0.3% (DM/T). The efficacy outcome measures were change from baseline (CFB) in composite scores of ocular symptoms and signs; the CFB in the signs composite scores for blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis at each visit; the total ocular adverse event incidence (AEs); and the incidence of intraocular pressure (IOP) increase after treatment. Prepost mean differences (MDs) were compared for continuous outcome variables, and incidences were analyzed for dichotomous data. The pooled effect sizes were analyzed using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a fixed-effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q-test and I2 statistic. Results. The CFB to final visit in ocular symptoms and signs of BKC was not statistically different between the two treatments (95% CI, −0.33 to 1.50; MD = 0.58; $P=0.21$ ). The CFB in signs composite scores for blepharitis (95% CI, −0.16 to 0.48; MD = 0.16; $P=0.32$ ), conjunctivitis (95% CI, −0.55 to 1.76; MD = 0.61; $P=0.30$ ), and keratitis (95% CI, 0.00–0.28; MD = 0.14; $P=0.05$ ) was also similar with the two treatments. LE/T was a safer intervention than DM/T, with fewer overall adverse events (95% CI, 0.34–0.80; RR = 0.52; $P=0.003$ ) and significantly less elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) (95% CI, 0.32–0.70; RR = 0.47; $P=0.0002$ ). Conclusions. DM/T and LE/T are both effective treatments for BKC, but LE/T may be a safer intervention.