Risks in Surrogacy Considering the Embryo: From the Preimplantation to the Gestational and Neonatal Period

Author:

Simopoulou M.12ORCID,Sfakianoudis K.3,Tsioulou P.1ORCID,Rapani A.1ORCID,Anifandis G.4ORCID,Pantou A.3,Bolaris S.5,Bakas P.2,Deligeoroglou E.2,Pantos K.3,Koutsilieris M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

2. Assisted Conception Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

3. Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, Greece

4. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Greece

5. Assisted Conception Unit, General-Maternity District Hospital “Elena Venizelou”, Greece

Abstract

Surrogacy is an assisted reproduction-based approach in which the intended parents assign the gestation and birth to another woman called the surrogate mother. The drivers of surrogacy refer largely to infertility, medical conditions, same-sex couples’ parenting, and cases of diversity regarding sexual identity and orientation. Surrogacy consists of a valid option for a variety of conditions or circumstances ranging from medical to social reasons. However, surrogacy may be associated with risks during the preimplantation, prenatal, and neonatal period. It became obvious during the exhaustive literature research that data on surrogacy and its association with factors specific to the IVF practice and the options available were not fully represented. Could it be that surrogacy management adds another level of complexity to the process from the ovarian stimulation, the subsequent IVF cycle, and the techniques employed within the IVF and the Genetic Laboratory to the fetal, perinatal, and neonatal period? This work emphasizes the risks associated with surrogacy with respect to the preimplantation embryo, the fetus, and the infant. Moreover, it further calls for larger studies reporting on surrogacy and comparing the surrogate management to that of the routine IVF patient in order to avoid suboptimal management of a surrogate cycle. This is of particular importance in light of the fact that the surrogate cycle may include not only the surrogate but also the egg donor, sperm donor, and the commissioning couple or single person.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

Cited by 10 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Similar pregnancy outcomes from fresh and frozen donor oocytes transferred to gestational carriers: a SART database analysis isolating the effects of oocyte vitrification;Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics;2024-01-11

2. Conflictos éticos de la maternidad subrogada;RHS-Revista Humanismo y Sociedad;2023-11-23

3. Protection of rights and legal remedies for surrogate mothers in China;Humanities and Social Sciences Communications;2023-11-15

4. Our bab(y)ies, your uterus—a retrospective study on surrogacy at a private fertility center in South West Nigeria;Global Reproductive Health;2023

5. Commercial Surrogacy: An Overview;Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics;2022-12

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