Microsurgical Anatomy of the Orbit: The Rule of Seven

Author:

Martins Carolina12,Costa e Silva Isabel Eugênia3,Campero Alvaro2,Yasuda Alexandre2,Aguiar Luiz Roberto4,Tatagiba Marcos5,Rhoton Albert2

Affiliation:

1. Medical School of Pernambuco, IMIP, 1393 Recife, PE, Brazil

2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA

3. Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, PE, Brazil

4. Medical School, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, 80215 Curitiba, PR, Brazil

5. Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany

Abstract

The orbits are paired structures, located on the anterior part of the face. Morphologically, each orbit is a four sided pyramid with a posterior apex and anterior base. In the orbit, all openings are arranged around the base, apex or between the orbital walls. An anatomical characteristic of the orbit is that structures are arranged in groups of seven: there are seven bones, seven intraorbital muscles and seven nerves in the orbit. Tumors confined within the periorbita in the anterior two thirds of the orbit can often be approached extracranially, but those located in the apical area, and especially those on the medial side of the optic nerve, often require a transcranial approach. Thus, knowledge of orbital osteology is paramount in adequately choosing and performing an orbital approach. Understanding the critical topographical elements in this area helps to classify an orbital lesion and provides for a solid basis in choosing the most adequate intraorbital route for its treatment.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

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