Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia: The Genetic Component

Author:

Valenzuela Francisco J.1,Pérez-Sepúlveda Alejandra1,Torres María J.1,Correa Paula1,Repetto Gabriela M.2,Illanes Sebastián E.1

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Obstetricia and Ginecología y Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile

2. Centro de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7620001, Chile

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the world, causing nearly 40% of births delivered before 35 weeks of gestation. PE begins with inadequate trophoblast invasion early in pregnancy, which produces an increase in oxidative stress contributing to the development of systemic endothelial dysfunction in the later phases of the disease, leading to the characteristic clinical manifestation of PE. Numerous methods have been used to predict the onset of PE with different degrees of efficiency. These methods have used fetal/placental and maternal markers in different stages of pregnancy. From an epidemiological point of view, many studies have shown that PE is a disease with a strong familiar predisposition, which also varies according to geographical, socioeconomic, and racial features, and this information can be used in the prediction process. Large amounts of research have shown a genetic association with a multifactorial polygenic inheritance in the development of this disease. Many biological candidate genes and polymorphisms have been examined in their relation with PE. We will discuss the most important of them, grouped by the different pathogenic mechanisms involved in PE.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Obstetrics and Gynecology

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