Microbiota, Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases, and Modulators of Their Activity: Links to Human Diseases?

Author:

Amedei Amedeo12ORCID,Capasso Clemente3ORCID,Nannini Giulia1ORCID,Supuran Claudiu T.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy

2. SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), 50134 Florence, Italy

3. CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80131 Napoli, Italy

4. Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

Abstract

The involvement of the human microbiome is crucial for different host functions such as protection, metabolism, reproduction, and especially immunity. However, both endogenous and exogenous factors can affect the balance of the microbiota, creating a state of dysbiosis, which can start various gastrointestinal or systemic diseases. The challenge of future medicine is to remodel the intestinal microbiota to bring it back to healthy equilibrium (eubiosis) and, thus, counteract its negative role in the diseases’ onset. The shaping of the microbiota is currently practiced in different ways ranging from diet (or use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) to phage therapy and antibiotics, including microbiota fecal transplantation. Furthermore, because microbiota modulation is a capillary process, and because many microbiota bacteria (both beneficial and pathogenic) have carbonic anhydrases (specifically the four classes α, β, γ, and ι), we believe that the use of CA inhibitors and activators can open up new therapeutic strategies for many diseases associated with microbial dysbiosis, such as the various gastrointestinal disorders and the same colorectal cancer.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Cell Biology,Immunology

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