Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-15 as Possible Biomarkers of the Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes Development

Author:

Siewko Katarzyna1ORCID,Maciulewski Rafal1,Zielinska-Maciulewska Anna1,Poplawska-Kita Anna1ORCID,Szumowski Piotr2,Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek Natalia1ORCID,Lipinska Danuta1,Milewski Robert3ORCID,Gorska Maria1,Kretowski Adam1ORCID,Szelachowska Malgorzata1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

3. Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

Abstract

Aim. The aim of our study was to assay circulating interleukin-15 (IL-15) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and insulin resistance measured by two different methods in newly diagnosed autoimmune diabetes (AD) patients, their I° relatives, and healthy controls. Material and Methods. The group studied consisted of 54 patients with AD (28 with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) and 26 with type 1 diabetes (T1D)), 70 first-degree relatives, and 60 controls. IL-6, IL-15, and anti-islet antibodies concentrations were measured by ELISA method. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMAIR) and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) were calculated. Results. The patients with AD had significantly higher IL-15, IL-6, and HOMAIR and lower eGDR than the controls (p<0.001, respectively) and first-degree relatives (p<0.001, respectively). Significantly higher IL-15 and IL-6 were shown in the relatives with positive Ab as compared to the relatives without antibodies (p<0.001, respectively) and the controls (p<0.001, respectively). IL-15 negatively correlated with eGDR (r=0.436, p=0.021) in LADA and positively with HOMAIR in LADA and T1D (r=0.507, p<0.001; r=0.4209, p<0.001). Conclusions. Significantly higher IL-15 and IL-6 concentrations, HOMAIR, and markedly lower eGDR in newly diagnosed AD patients and first-degree relatives with positive anti-islet antibodies might suggest the role of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. IL-15 and IL-6 might be used as biomarkers of the risk of autoimmune diabetes development, in particular IL-15 for LADA. Both methods of IR measurement appear equally useful for calculating insulin resistance in autoimmune diabetes.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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