Orthokeratology and Low-Intensity Laser Therapy for Slowing the Progression of Myopia in Children

Abstract

Orthokeratology (OK) is widely used to slow the progression of myopia. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) provides sufficient low energy to change the cellular function. This research is aimed at verifying the hypothesis that LLLT treatment could control myopia progression and comparing the abilities of OK lenses and LLLT to control the refractive error of myopia. Eighty-one children (81 eyes) who wore OK lenses, 74 children (74 eyes) who underwent LLLT treatment, and 74 children (74 eyes) who wore single-vision distance spectacles for 6 months were included. Changes in axial length (AL) were $0.23\pm 0.06\text{mm}$ for children wearing spectacles, $0.06\pm 0.15\text{mm}$ for children wearing OK lens, and $-0.06\pm 0.15\text{mm}$ for children treated with LLLT for 6 months. Changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) observed at the 6-month examination were $-16.84\pm 7.85\mu \text{m}$ , $14.98\pm 22.50\mu \text{m}$ , and $35.30\pm 31.75\mu \text{m}$ for the control group, OK group, and LLLT group, respectively. Increases in AL at 1 month and 6 months were significantly associated with age at LLLT treatment. Changes in AL were significantly correlated with the baseline spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and baseline AL in the OK and LLLT groups. Increases in SFChT at 1 month and 6 months were positively associated with age at enrolment for children wearing OK lens. At 6 months, axial elongation had decelerated in OK lens-wearers and LLLT-treated children. Slightly better myopia control was observed with LLLT treatment than with overnight OK lens-wearing. Evaluations of age, SER, and AL can enhance screening for high-risk myopia, improve the myopia prognosis, and help determine suitable control methods yielding the most benefits.