Failure Analysis of Locally Damaged Slender Steel Bars Strengthened with CFRP Composites: Experiments, Theory, and Computational Simulations

Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer/plastic (CFRP) composites bear attractive performance in resistance to tension, fatigue, and corrosion and, thus, have been recognized as a promising candidate for repairing and strengthening steel structures in engineering. Here, we combine experiments, theory, and numerical simulations to elucidate how the location and degree of local damages, as well as the reinforcement mode, affect the stability of slender steel bars repaired by CFRP. The deformation, failure mode, and the critical buckling load of the reinforced steel flat bars subjected to axial compressive forces are experimentally evaluated. We show that all tested specimens exhibit buckling failure, before which the damaged steel bars have entered an elastic-plastic stage. Our theoretical analysis provides an upper bound for the critical force, which is sensitive not only to the damage degree but also to the damage location. Damage locating at the middle regime of the specimens will remarkably reduce stability of the steel bars, but an optimized combination of wrapping method and number of CFRP layers can restore and even enhance the stability of the damaged structures beyond the undamaged counterparts. Finite element simulations are implemented in the same scenario as experiments, showing good agreement with our measurements. Our findings suggest that, to improve the stability of the damaged steel bars reinforced by CFRP, the load carrying capacity of the the bars, the number of CFRP layers, and the construction convenience should be taken into account.