Microscopic Fluctuations in Power-Grid Frequency Recordings at the Subsecond Scale

Author:

Schäfer Benjamin1ORCID,Rydin Gorjão Leonardo234ORCID,Yalcin G. Cigdem5ORCID,Förstner Ellen1ORCID,Jumar Richard1ORCID,Maass Heiko1ORCID,Kühnapfel Uwe1ORCID,Hagenmeyer Veit1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany

2. Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1432, Norway

3. Department of Computer Science, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo N-0130, Norway

4. Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research-Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Jülich 52428, Germany

5. Department of Physics, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul 34134, Turkey

Abstract

Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many complex systems display multifractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power laws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator of the balance of supply and demand in the electricity grid, also displays such complexity remains a mostly open question. Within the present article, we utilize highly resolved measurements to quantify the properties of the power-grid frequency, making three key contributions: First, we demonstrate the existence of power laws in power-grid frequency measurements. Second, we show that below one second, the dynamics may fundamentally change, including a suddenly increasing power spectral density, emergence of multifractality and a change of correlation behavior. Third, we provide a simplified stochastic model involving positively correlated noise to reproduce the observed dynamics, possibly linked to frequency-dependent loads. Finally, we stress the need for high-quality measurements and discuss how we obtained the data analyzed here.

Funder

Helmholtz Association

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Multidisciplinary,General Computer Science

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