Early Assessment of Cardiac Function by Echocardiography in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective. To offer a baseline for clinical diagnosis, echocardiography was performed to evaluate the disparities in heart function comparing pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (GDM) and ordinary pregnant women. Methods. A prospective case-control study is being conducted on pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes. The sample size for both the intervention and control groups is the same: no diabetes diagnosis or previous forms, a single pregnancy, and no issues (such as preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction). The females were all subjected to routine echocardiograms to examine the morphology and function of their left and right hearts. Results. In the research, 51 women with GDM and 50 healthy controls volunteered. Women with GDM had a significantly higher heartrate ( $82\pm 9$ vs. $74\pm 8$ ), left ventricular (LV) relative wall thickness ( $0.39\pm 0.06$ vs. $0.31\pm 0.07$ ; $P<0.001$ ), LV early diastolic transmitral valve velocity (E) ( $0.79\pm 0.14$ vs. $0.72\pm 0.13$  m/s; $P=0.031$ ), and LV late diastolic implementing regulations valve velocity (0.6). Speckle-tracking analysis showed significant decrease in LV right ventricular (RV). A study indicated a reduced pulmonary acceleration time ( $59\pm 9$ vs. 68 ± 12 ms; $P=0.001$ ), RV E/A ratio ( $1.21\pm 0.19$ vs. $1.31\pm 0.31$ ; $P=0.022$ ), and a greater RV myocardial systolic annular velocity ( $0.17\pm 0.03$ vs. $0.12\pm 0.03$ ; $P=0.023$ ). Conclusions. Our results revealed that the heart function of diabetic pregnant women differed considerably from that of the control group, such as LV-RWT, LV diastolic transmitral valve speed, and LV late diastolic transmitral valve speed. Given these results, further research into the postpartum cardiovascular healing of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus is required.