Sex Hormones and Inflammation Role in Oral Cancer Progression: A Molecular and Biological Point of View

Author:

Contaldo Maria1ORCID,Boccellino Mariarosaria2ORCID,Zannini Giuseppa3ORCID,Romano Antonio1,Sciarra Antonella4,Sacco Alessandra5ORCID,Settembre Giuliana2ORCID,Coppola Mario2,Di Carlo Angelina6,D’Angelo Luigi1,Inchingolo Francesco7,Feola Antonia3ORCID,Di Domenico Marina28ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, NA, Italy

2. Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, NA, Italy

3. Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, NA, Italy

4. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, NA, Italy

5. Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Tumor National Istitute “Fondazione G. Pascale”-IRCCS, Naples, NA, Italy

6. Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

7. Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy

8. Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Abstract

Oral cancers have been proven to arise from precursors lesions and to be related to risk behaviour such as alcohol consumption and smoke. However, the present paper focuses on the role of chronic inflammation, related to chronical oral infections and/or altered immune responses occurring during dysimmune and autoimmune diseases, in the oral cancerogenesis. Particularly, oral candidiasis and periodontal diseases introduce a vicious circle of nonhealing and perpetuation of the inflammatory processes, thus leading toward cancer occurrence via local and systemic inflammatory modulators and via genetic and epigenetic factors.

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

Oncology

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