Pollen Micromorphology among Amaranthaceous Species from Desert Rangeland: Exine Stratification and their Taxonomic Significance

Author:

Majeed Salman12ORCID,Ahmad Mushtaq13ORCID,Ali Alamdar4,Althobaiti Ashwaq T.5,Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy6,Kilic Omer7,Demirpolat Azize8,Çobanoğlu Duygu Nur8,Zafar Sadia9,Afza Rabia10,Makhkamov Trobjon11,Yuldashev Akramjon12,Gafforov Yusufjon1314ORCID,Khaydarov Khislat15,Zafar Muhammad1ORCID,Sultana Shazia1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Lab, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan

2. Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Mianwali 42200, Pakistan

3. Pakistan Academy of Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan

4. Nishtar Medical College Multan University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan

5. Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

6. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

7. Department of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey

8. Department of Crop and Animal Production, Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey

9. Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Faisalabad, 54770 Punjab, Pakistan

10. Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan

11. Department of Forestry and Landscape Design, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2 A., Universitet Str., Kibray District, 100700 Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan

12. Department of Ecology and Botany, Andijan State University, 129 Universitet Str., 170100 Andijan, Uzbekistan

13. Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 32 Durmon Yuli, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan

14. AKFA University, 264 Milliy Bog Street, 111221 Tashkent, Uzbekistan

15. Samarkand State University Faculty of Biology, Universitetsty Bulvvar Street-15, Smarkand 140104, Uzbekistan

Abstract

The aim of the study was to visualize the micromorphology of Amaranthaceous pollen using scanning electron microscopy collected from the Thal Desert. Field collection was conducted from July to September 2021. A total of 14 taxa of the family Amaranthaceae were collected which belong to nine genera. Achyranthes aspera, Aerva javanica, Aerva lanata, Amaranthus graecizans, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus viridis, Bassia indica, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Chenopodium murale, Digera muricata, Haloxylon stocksii, Salsola tragus, and Suaeda fruticosa were studied in terms of pollen morphotypes. Pollen were acetolyzed and observed under optical and scanning microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative characters were measured to analyze the pollen to uncover its taxonomic significance. Qualitative characters observed were the shape of pollen in polar and equatorial views; the most frequent shape observed was spheroidal in the polar view, whereas in the equatorial view, prolate spheroidal was the dominant shape. Exine ornamentation is the key characteristic of pollen which is very helpful, and eight different types of ornamentations were observed in collected taxa: smooth sparsely granulate, scabrate-spinulose, microspinulose perforate, microechinate scabrate to metareticulate, granulate, nanospinulate, granulate-spinulose perforate, granulate-perforate echinate, and microechinate perforate. Periporate-type aperture was observed among all taxa. Mesoporia, ektexinous bodies, and tectum features also show variations among Amaranthaceous grains. In quantitative character, A. retroflexus recorded highest in polar view 26.3 μm and the lowest was of C. album 12.2 μm. Highest P/E index ratio was recorded in S. fruticosa (1.12) whereas the lowest for D. muricta (0.94). Exine thickness was highest in S. tragus 2.15 μm and lowest in A. graecizans 0.78 μm. The maximum number of pores was recorded as 32-36 in D. muricata. Artificial taxonomic keys were constructed based on findings that reinforce the importance of the micromorphological ultrastructural diversity of pollen among Amaranthaceous taxa. It was concluded that the descriptions of pollen morphotypes presented greatly contribute to our understanding of desert species identification.

Funder

Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Publisher

Hindawi Limited

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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