Perifocal Edema in Gliomas. Pathogenesis, Clinical Picture, Treatment

Abstract

Surgical treatment of malignant glial tumor is a complex task due to the lack of clear boundaries and contours, its high invasiveness in healthy brain tissues and the formation of intense edema, due to low differentiation in color and consistency between tumor and brain tissue. The main symptomatology of glial tumors is due to peritumoral edema, which can lead to severe symptoms, including neurological dysfunction, dislocation of structures and brain hernia. The main task of neurologists, neurosurgeons and resuscitators in the pre- and postoperative periods is to reduce the aggressive mass effect of the perifocal edema zone in gliomas. In recent years, steroid therapy has been the standard treatment for perifocal edema in space-occupying lesions of the brain. In recent years, the study of the role of cerebral lymphatic vessels involved in the regulation of cerebrospinal fluid and the formation of cerebral edema has changed views on the treatment of perifocal edema in gliomas. The aim of this study was to study the pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of peritumoral edema in gliomas. The known mechanisms causing peritumoral edema in glial tumors of the brain have been studied and summarized. A comparative analysis and discussion of the results of modern methods for treating perifocal cerebral edema in glial tumors have been carried out and prospects for future methods for treating cerebral edema are presented. Further studies of perifocal edema around a glial tumor of the brain are needed to improve the prognosis of the pre- and postoperative periods and increase the effectiveness of edema treatment.