Asthma Severity and Mental Well-being Among Children with Asthma in Kosovo

Abstract

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease recognized as an important public health issue worldwide, causing a major global health burden. Due to its complex nature and varying characteristics, asthma has been a great challenge for public health. Objective: This article aims to determine the relationship between asthma severity and mental well-being among children with asthma in Kosovo. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in 13 hospitals and outpatient clinics covering all areas of Kosovo, children with asthma aged 7 to 16 years were enrolled. Children and parents answered a questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and the Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Asthma severity was assessed according to the GINA (Global Initiative for Asthma) guidelines and categorized into two levels (IMPA, intermittent and mild persistent asthma; MSPA, moderate and severe persistent asthma). Results: Overall, 161 children with asthma and their caregivers were included. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire showed borderline or abnormal scores in about ¼ of children. A comparison of asthma severity groups for the different scales of the SDQ showed a statistically significant increase in emotional problems (p=0.009). Conclusion: Diminished mental health and emotional problems are relevant in children with a more severe course of the disease and should be taken into account in counseling parents and patients.