Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston, MA, 02125, USA
Abstract
Abstract:
Using combined microwave-assisted flow chemistry approaches is one of the most active
areas of microwave chemistry and green synthesis. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis
(MAOS) has contributed significantly to developing green synthetic methods, while flow chemistry
applications are quite popular in industrial chemistry. The combination of the two has farreaching
advantages. In early studies, the flow chemistry concept was applied in domestic microwave
ovens already indicating strong potential for future applications. The relatively small diameter
of the flow reactors can address the limited penetration depth of microwaves, which is a major
impediment in large-scale batch reactors. With the commercial availability of dedicated microwave
synthesizers with tunable frequencies and better temperature control, the possibilities to apply
flow synthesis grew even broader. The developments focus on several issues; the two major
ones are the design and application of reactors and catalysts. Common reactor types include microwave-
absorbing, such as silicon carbide, and microwave-transparent materials, such as borosilicate
glass, quartz, or Teflon, with the catalyst or solvent adjusted accordingly. Several heterogeneous
catalysts are considered strong microwave absorbers that can heat the reaction from inside the
reactor. Such materials include clays, zeolites, or supported metal catalysts. Here, the major advances
in design and applications and the benefits gained will be illustrated by synthesizing fine
chemicals, from organic compounds to nanoparticles and new materials.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
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