Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
Abstract
Abstract:
Flavonoids are important bioactive phenolic compounds abundant in plants and exhibit different therapeutic potentials. A wound is a significant problem in diabetic individuals. A hyper-glycaemic environment alters the normal wound-healing process and increases the risk of microbial infection, leading to hospitalization, morbidity, and amputation. Flavonoids are an important class of phytochemicals with excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-tumor, and wound healing property. Quercetin, hesperidin, curcumin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteo-lin, morin, etc. have shown their wound healing potential. Flavonoids effectively exhibit antimicro-bial activity, scavenge reactive oxygen species, augment endogenous antioxidants, reduce the ex-pression and synthesis of inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB), inhibit inflam-matory enzymes, enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), enhance insulin section, reduce insu-lin resistance, and control blood glucose level. Several flavonoids like hesperidin, curcumin, quer-cetin, rutin, naringin, and luteolin have shown their potential in managing diabetic wounds. Natural products that maintain glucose haemostatic, exert anti-inflammatory activity, suppress/inhibit mi-crobial growth, modulate cytokines, inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), stimulate angiogene-sis and extracellular matrix, and modulate growth factor can be considered as a potential therapeutic lead to treat diabetic wound. Flavonoids were found to play a positive role in management of dia-betic wounds by regulating MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, Ras/Raf/ MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and nitric oxide pathways. Therefore, it can be assumed that flavonoids could be potential therapeu-tics to prevent devastating effects of diabetic wounds. This paper focused on the potential role of flavonoids in managing diabetic wounds and discussed their possible mechanism of action.
Funder
Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Drug Discovery,General Medicine