Prepubertal Continuous Dietary Folate Fortification Enhances the Brain Function of Adult Mice by Modulating Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Brain Neurotransmitter Levels

Abstract

Background:: The benefits of folic acid supplementation have been documented in several studies. However, while evidence exists regarding its benefits for growth and haematologic parameters, its possible effects on the brain have been less examined. Objectives:: The study aimed to examine the benefits of dietary folic acid supplementation (beginning in the prepubertal period) on neurobehaviour, oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters, and neurotransmitter levels in adult mice. Methods:: Forty-eight prepubertal male mice were assigned into four groups of 12 animals each. Mice were grouped into normal control (fed standard diet) and three groups fed folic acid supplemented diet at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of feed. Animals were fed a standard diet or folic acid-supplemented diet for eight weeks during which food intake and body weight were assessed. On postnatal day 78, animals were exposed to the open-field, Y-maze, radial arm maze, elevated plus maze, bar test, and models of behavioural despair. 24 hours after the last behavioural test, animals were made to fast overnight and then sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was then taken for the assessment of blood glucose, leptin, and insulin levels. Homogenates of brain tissue were prepared and used for the assessment of biochemical parameters. Results:: Results showed a concentration-dependent increase in body weight, and improved antioxidant status, memory scores, and acetylcholine levels. Also, a decrease in food intake, blood glucose, insulin, and leptin levels was observed. A reduction in open-field behaviour, anxiety-related behaviour, and proinflammatory markers, was also observed. Conclusion:: The beneficial effect of prepubertal continuous dietary folate fortification on the brain (as the animal ages) has been shown in this study.