Emerging Trends in Hybrid Nanoparticles: Revolutionary Advances and Promising Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Abstract: Modern nanostructures must fulfill a wide range of functions to be valuable, leading to the combi-nation of various nano-objects into hierarchical assemblies. Hybrid Nanoparticles (HNPs), comprised of mul-tiple types of nanoparticles, are emerging as nanoscale structures with versatile applications. HNPs offer en-hanced medical benefits compared to basic combinations of distinct components. They address the limitations of traditional nanoparticle delivery systems, such as poor water solubility, nonspecific targeting, and subopti-mal therapeutic outcomes. HNPs also facilitate the transition from anatomical to molecular imaging in lung cancer diagnosis, ensuring precision. In clinical settings, the selection of nanoplatforms with superior repro-ducibility, cost-effectiveness, easy preparation, and advanced functional and structural characteristics is para-mount. This study aims toextensively examine hybrid nanoparticles, focusing on their classification, drug de-livery mechanisms, properties of hybrid inorganic nanoparticles, advancements in hybrid nanoparticle technol-ogy, and their biomedical applications, particularly emphasizing the utilization of smart hybrid nanoparticles. PHNPs enable the delivery of numerous anticancer, anti-leishmanial, and antifungal drugs, enhancing cellular absorption, bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery while reducing toxic side effects.