Development of Daruharidra (Berberis aristata) Based Biogenic Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles: Their Implementation as Antibacterial and Novel Therapeutic Agents against Human Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

aims: To illustrate novel preparations of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) taking economical and widely available daruharidra plant as a stabilizing agent for biogenic synthesis. It has shown to have a great efficiency in treating breast and ovarian cancer. We are focussing on daruharidra as a Herbal analogue that has low risks and side effects, are in expensive and show valuable results in due course of time as compared to conventional drugs. background: Cadmium sulfide (CdS) belongs to the semiconductor nanoparticles' II-VI group. Due to quantum captivity, these nanoparticles have one of kind optoelectronic properties that significantly differ from the bulk material. These nanoparticles having low-dimensional semiconductor properties are receiving significant attention in cancer treatment. In the fields of biochemistry, for the discovery of leads in cancer treatment, Daruharidra extracts in recent years are being explored. Chromatography techniques enable researchers to find hits in any plant extracts that could be used as an anticarcinogen or antitumorigenic agent in many cell lines. objective: The foremost objective of this study was to explore prospects of these nanoparticles as a potent anticancer agent. Human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells (PA1) and human breast cancer cells (MDAMB-231) were tested against these nanoparticles. method: MTT assay analysis to know the cytotoxic effect on cell lines when treated with increasing concentration of NPs was performed. The flow cytometry analysis was performed to understand the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest mechanism. the nanoparticles were also tested for their antibacterial potential by disc diffusion assay. result: IC50 for 24hour treatment was obtained as 97.34µg/ml and 809.75 µg/ml for ovarian and breast cancer cells respectively. It was found that treatment with CdS NPs lead to significant rise in early apoptotic cells i.e. from 2.53% to 13.5% and 3.67% to 12.6% in PA1 and MDAMB-231 cell line respectively. Also the NPs initiate the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase with subG1 DNA damage in PA1 cells and G0/G1 arrest in MDAMB-231 cells. The NPs showed excellent results against both gram positive and negative bacteria. conclusion: Berberis sp extract can be an intelligible alternative that bears positive effects on people suffering from this disease. The availability of more specific herbal medicine should be more useful to prevent or treat cancer. The amalgation of plant extract and the CdS NPs could cause a paradigm shift in cancer therapy approach. The positive effects of the extract on cells of the human body and the easier targeted delivery can help the recovery of a patient as a whole. It is an unconventional approach. Thus, researchers are encouraged to conduct more research in this field and give credible verification suggesting the use of berberis plant extract in oncology. other: NA