Determinants of Blood Pressure Control and Prevalence of Hypertension in Adults in 2017: A Population-Based Study in West Jakarta

Abstract

Background:The high prevalence of hypertension in developing countries underlines the need for accurate data on the prevalence of adult hypertension, as well as patient characteristics and determinants of blood pressure control. As this information is currently not available, our aim was to collect such data from a population of patients in the Tegal Alur Administrative Village, West Jakarta Indonesia.Objective:We conducted a case-control study (n = 152) to identify determinants of hypertension and a cross-sectional study (n = 3842) to determine hypertension prevalence and investigate determinants of blood pressure control in hypertensive adults (≥18 years old).Methods:The cross-sectional design involved the diagnosis of hypertension via home visits (active detection) and routine clinical examinations at the Tegal Alur II Community Health Center (passive detection). In the case-control design, the groups were sex-matched.Results:In 2017, the prevalence of hypertension in adults in Tegal Alur was 16.8% (n = 646), and the rate of uncontrolled hypertension was 89% (n = 572). A multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted prevalence ratio for comorbidities was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–3.12;p= 0.005). A body mass index indicative of being overweight (≥23 kg/m2) had an odds ratio of 2.25 (95% CI: 1.14–4.44;p= 0.016).Conclusion:Comorbidities were the strongest predictor of uncontrolled blood pressure in hypertensive adults of Tegal Alur. Being overweight (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) was significantly associated with hypertension.