Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties of Leaves to Root Extracts and Saponin Fractions of Chlorophytum borivilianum

Abstract

Objective: The study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial activity of methanolic crude extract from different parts of the Chlorophytum borivilianum plant against pathogenic microorganisms and toassess antimicrobial activity by MIC and structural characterization of purified saponin of Chlorophytum borivilianum by using spectrophotometric and NMR analysis. Methods: The antimicrobial analysis of the extracts of leaves, roots and stems of C. borivilianum is based on the agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The phytochemical screening and characterization of saponin on the basis of structural and antimicrobial activity present in C. borivilianum were analyzed by different spectrophotometric methods such as HPLC, UV-visible, IR, NMR, LC-ESI-MS and pharmacophore modeling. Results: The results revealed that the methanolic leaf, stem and root extracts have inhibitory potential against the growth of K. pneumonia, B. subtilis, M. tuberculosis, E coli and S. aureus in case of bacteria and C. albicans, A. fumigatus and Tricoderma in case of fungus. The MIC values of leaf, stem and root extracts were found in the range of 1 mg/ml to 0.125 mg/ml. Moreover, the purified saponins indicated MIC in the range of 0.5 mg/ml to 0.0625 mg/ml against the selected microbial pathogens. Saponins act as one of the major phytocomponents present in C. borivilianum. The antimicrobial and structural analysis of purified saponins of C. borivilianum was also performed using different spectral analysis methods. Conclusion: The anti-microbial results showed that the extract from the leaf and stems had higher anti-pathogenic activity as compared to the roots. The MIC results showed that the purified saponin also possessed the anti-microbial activity and oleanolic acid content, as detected by spectral analysis the fundamental structure of the extracted saponin.