Trends in Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Background: Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth and considered one of the leading causes of death around the world. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology has been extensively studied for the optimization of cancer treatment. Objective: Comprehend the panorama of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology in cancer treatment, through a survey about nanomedicines applied in clinical studies, approved for use and patented. Methods: Acknowledged products under clinical study and nanomedicines commercialized found in scientific articles through research on the following databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs. Derwent tool was used for patent research. Results: Nanomedicines based on nanoparticles, polymer micelles, liposomes, dendrimers and nanoemulsions were studied, along with cancer therapies such as Photodynamic Therapy, Infrared Phototherapy Hyperthermia, Magnetic Hyperthermia, Radiotherapy, Gene Therapy and Nanoimmunotherapy. Great advancement has been observed over nanotechnology applied to cancer treatment, mainly for nanoparticles and liposomes. Conclusion: The combination of drugs in nanosystems helps to increase efficacy and decrease toxicity. Based on the results encountered, nanoparticles and liposomes were the most commonly used nanocarriers for drug encapsulation. In addition, although few nanomedicines are commercially available, this specific research field is continuously growing.