Improvement of Taxane Biosynthesis in Cell Suspension Culture of Taxus baccata after Elicitation with Titania-graphene Oxide Nanocomposite and Coronatine

Abstract

Background: There is a research gap about applying titania–graphene oxide (GO-TiO2) nanocomposite and coronatine as elicitors in the cell suspension culture of T. baccata. Objective: The effects of two elicitors of GO-TiO2 (30 µg/L) and coronatine (10 µM) were examined to improve the production of five different taxanes in the cell suspension culture of T. baccata. Methods: The suspension culture was prepared from the callus of T. baccata leaf explant. Next, both elicitors of coronatine (10 µM) and GO-TiO2 (30 µg/L) were applied, sampling occurred 2, 4, 16 days after elicitation, and all five taxanes were quantified using HPLC. Results: The amounts of 10-DAB III ranged from 0.84 mg/L (for control) to 9.17 mg/L (day 16 after elicitation with GO-TiO2). The production of BAC III ranged from zero (for control) to 7.69 mg/L (day 4 with GO-TiO2). The maximum production of 10-deacetyltaxol was observed in control on day 16 with the amount of 1.85 mg/L, followed by a lower level of 0.825 mg/L on day 2 with coronatine treatment. Considering cephalomannine, only elicitation of GO-TiO2 over all three different sampling times (i.e., days 2, 4, and 16) resulted in sensible quantities. The maximum magnitudes of taxol were acquired when GO-TiO2 was applied on day 4 and day 16 (1.345 mg/L and 0.965 mg/L, respectively). Conclusion: The results indicated the potential positive effects of both elicitors, particularly GOTiO2 nanocomposite, to improve taxanes production.