Affiliation:
1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ UK.
Abstract
The heme based respiratory proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin can, under certain conditions, exhibit a peroxidase-like enzymic activity, in which a catalytic cycle, driven by peroxides, leads to oxidation of bio molecules. These heme proteins are implicated in what is termed "oxidative stress" as this catalytic cycle, when it occurs in vivo, generates cytotoxic product that are implicated in the pathology of a number of disease states. Here we review the evidence that such reactions occur in vivo, in particular in animal models and human patients and examine the underlying chemical mechanism. This mechanism involves the production of ferryl heme (FeIV=O2-) and it is this and associated radicals that initiate processes such as lipid peroxidation and the generation of bioactive molecules such as isoprostanes. The reactivity of the high oxidation state of the heme also allows us to identify unambiguous biomarkers for its presence in vivo in such conditions as rhabdomyolysis and brain hemorrhage. Ways to inhibit the peroxidatic cycle are discussed and the role of iron chelators such as desferrioxamine is discussed in terms of their often neglected properties as reducing agents. Suppression of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin is discussed in the context of the development of blood substitutes.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Pharmacology,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Biochemistry,Organic Chemistry
Cited by
138 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献