Affiliation:
1. Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad (U.P.) -244102 India
2. Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha, India
3. Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences
and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
4. M.M. College of
Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana-133207, India
Abstract
Abstract:
Right from the breakthrough of carbapenems since 1976, many schemes on synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and biological activities have been carried out, and several carbapenems have been developed, including parentally active carbapenems like imipenem, doripenem, biapenem, meropenem, ertapenem, panipenem, razupenem, tomopenem, cilastatin, whereas orally active carbapenems like GV-118819, GV-104326, CS-834, L-084, DZ-2640, CL 191, 121, L-646, 591, S-4661, ER-35768, MK-826. Prodrugs of carbapenem with increased bioavailability include temopenem, tebipenem, sanfetrinem, LK-157, and CP 5484. Merck, Glaxo Welcome Research Group, Johnson & Johnson, Sankyo Group and Dai-ichi Group, and Wyeth-Ayerst Group were among the businesses that produced carbapenems. The Witting reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, Dieckmann reaction, palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis, E. coli-based cloned synthesis, and biosynthetic enzymes such as carbapenem synthetase (carA), carboxymethylproline synthase (carB), carbapenem synthase (carC). Carbapenems are biologically in infections like urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, tuberculosis, intra-abdominal infections, and pathogens like anaerobes, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health