The Mechanisms Behind the Biological Activity of Flavonoids

Author:

González-Paramás Ana María1,Ayuda-Durán Begoña1,Martínez Sofía1,González-Manzano Susana1,Santos-Buelga Celestino1

Affiliation:

1. Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

Abstract

: Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the human diet. Their intake has been associated with a decreased risk of different diseases such as cancer, immune dysfunction or coronary heart disease. However, the knowledge about the mechanisms behind their in vivo activity is limited and still under discussion. For years, their bioactivity was associated with the direct antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of phenolic compounds, but nowadays this assumption is unlikely to explain their putative health effects, or at least to be the only explanation for them. New hypotheses about possible mechanisms have been postulated, including the influence of the interaction of polyphenols and gut microbiota and also the possibility that flavonoids or their metabolites could modify gene expression or act as potential modulators of intracellular signaling cascades. This paper reviews all these topics, from the classical view as antioxidants in the context of the Oxidative Stress theory to the most recent tendencies related with the modulation of redox signaling pathways, modification of gene expression or interactions with the intestinal microbiota. The use of C. elegans as a model organism for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in biological activity of flavonoids is also discussed.

Funder

Junta de Castilla y Leon

European Regional Development Fund

Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad

Publisher

Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Subject

Pharmacology,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Biochemistry,Organic Chemistry

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