Affiliation:
1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, India
2. Department of Botany,
Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institutes of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics,
Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
Abstract
Background:
Nanotechnology is moving toward future goals in the field of medicines,
cosmetics and hospitality due to the size reduction of material in the range of 1-100nm, enhancing the
stability and bioavailability of the material.
Objective:
This review includes the progress in the field of nanotechnology, its advantages, understanding
and applications in antimicrobial therapy.
Methods:
The manuscripts were collected in the field of antimicrobial research with the help of nanotechnology
platforms from different sources like PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google. A total of 236
manuscripts were collected and analyzed, out of which 93 were relevant and considered for the present
manuscript.
Results:
There are diverse forms of metallic nanomaterials that show antimicrobial properties, such as
gold, silver, copper, zinc, titanium and many such metal oxides. Various carriers are used to deliver
the drug at targeted sites via encapsulating the nanomaterial in polymers, liposomes or in the lipoidal
structure. The inhibition of microorganism growth may be attributed to different mechanisms like destroying
the synthesis of a cell wall, nucleic acid, injury to the bacteria cell wall and inhibiting the
metabolic pathways in bacteria. This enhanced the antimicrobial activity and reduced the toxicity that
could be significant due to a reduction in the dose proportionality.
Conclusion:
The recent advances in drug delivery with the help of liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles,
dendrimers, and various nanoparticles led to effective prevention, treatment and diagnosis of various
microbial infections and this could dramatically change the way antimicrobial therapy explored
for reducing drug resistance.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics