Affiliation:
1. Department of Biochemistry
All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020. India
2. Independent Researcher, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020. India
Abstract
Abstract:
Recent developments in several areas are rekindling interest and empowering progress
in improving therapeutic cancer vaccines. These advances have been made in target selection,
vaccine technology, and approaches for reversing the immunosuppressive mechanisms exploited
by cancers. Studies on diverse tumor antigens have revealed target properties, including high cell
specificity and adequate immunogenicity, to affect clinical efficiency. Therefore, one of the principal
goals of cancer vaccinology is the development of efficient therapeutic cancer vaccines that
are capable of eliciting an effector as well as memory T cell response specific to tumor antigens.
Neoantigens, which arise from mutated proteins in cancer cells, are cancer-specific and may be
highly immunogenic. However, the vast majority of these are distinctive to each patient’s cancer
and hence require the development of personalised therapies. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies
are focused on breaking immune tolerance to tumor antigens, improving the immunogenicity of
tumor vaccines, in addition to overcoming mechanisms of tumor escape. However, current developments
and patents in cancer immune therapies, together with associated technologies, are significant.
Supreme achievements in immune inhibitor-centered therapies and neo-antigen identification
tools envisage probable improvements in cancer vaccines with respect to treatments of malignancies.
Antibody modulation of T cell function through checkpoint blockade or co-stimulatory
activation may restore survival, proliferation, and effector function. Thus, these tumor-infiltrating
T cells with genetically engineered therapeutic vaccines have the potential to act as curative cancer
immune therapeutics. In this review, target tumor antigens employed in recent years in the development
of therapeutic cancer vaccine approaches are described, and the patents involved in the
process are highlighted.
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Cancer Research,Drug Discovery,Oncology,General Medicine
Cited by
3 articles.
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