Challenges in Insulin Therapy: Perspectives of Malaysian Diabetes Educators

Abstract

Background Individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) commonly need insulin therapy as their condition advances. Healthcare providers often face difficulties in managing patients who require insulin treatment. Gaining insight into the views of healthcare professionals on the obstacles encountered by patients using insulin can aid in improving care and developing effective treatment plans. Objective This study explores the views of Malaysian diabetes educators on the barriers faced by patients in using insulin. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with diabetes educators (n=8) from the northern, central, and southern regions of Malaysia who were involved in diabetes care. We used an interview guide to facilitate the in-depth interviews, which were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic approach. Results Five themes were identified: the occurrence of side effects, the need for better patient education, negative perceptions towards insulin, the financial burden, and the complexity of adherence to treatment. There is a lack of patient education on proper glucose monitoring and how to optimize insulin therapy. The cost of treatment and patient ignorance are highlighted when discussing patient self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes educators recognize that the absence of an effective follow-up mechanism is a major issue, particularly for those patients who fail to maintain consistent appointment schedules. Conclusion This research highlights five significant obstacles to maximizing the effectiveness of insulin therapy. Diabetes educators who identify and address these challenges can empower patients to manage their condition effectively. To overcome systemic barriers, government involvement is needed in creating insulin follow-up initiatives, establishing multidisciplinary teams for diabetes care, empowering education strategies, and providing financial support for self-monitoring.