Affiliation:
1. The Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of
Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2. The Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam
Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Abstract
Background:
Several in vitro and in vivo biological activities of serotonin, 5-
hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), as a bioactive molecule, and its transporter (5-HT-Tr) were
evaluated in parasitic infections.
Objective:
Herein, the roles of 5-HT and 5-HTR in helminths and protozoan infections with
medical and veterinary importance are reviewed.
Methods:
We searched information in 4 main databases and reviewed published literature
about the serotonin transporter's role as a promising therapeutic target against pathogenic
parasitic infections between 2000 and 2021.
Results:
Based on recent investigations, 5-HT and 5-HT-Tr play various roles in parasite
infections, including biological function, metabolic activity, organism motility, parasite survival,
and immune response modulation. Moreover, some of the 5-HT-TR in Schistosoma
mansoni showed an excess of favorite substrates for biogenic amine 5-HT compared to their
mammalian hosts. Furthermore, the main neuronal protein related to the G protein-coupled
receptor (GPCR) was identified in S. mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus, playing main
roles in these parasites. In addition, 5-HT increased in toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, and Chagas
disease. On the other hand, in Plasmodium spp., different forms of targeted 5-HTR
stimulate Ca2+ release, intracellular inositol triphosphate (ITP), cAMP, and protein kinase A
(PKA) activity.
Conclusion:
This review summarized the several functional roles of the 5-HT and the importance
of the 5-HT-TR as a drug target with minimal harm to the host to fight against
helminths and protozoan infections. Hopefully, this review will shed light on research regarding
serotonin transporter-based therapies as a potential drug target soon.
Funder
Deputy of Research and Technology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Publisher
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery
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