Effect of Benzodiazepines and Z-Drug Medications During Antenatal and Postnatal Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background:: Benzodiazepines (BZD) and Z-drugs are often prescribed for alleviating such symptoms and treating maternal psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. However, their use is limited due to the apprehensions and risks related to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective:: This meta-analysis evaluated the rationality and efficacy of using Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs for managing anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Methods:: The meta-analysis was based on a systematic review through keyword search utilizing Scopus, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases. One hundred three articles were deemed eligible, but only 21 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. Results:: The meta-analysis showed that despite the indication for anxiety and depression in pregnant women, the usage of BZD and Z-drugs was significantly low compared to other psychotropic medications, with no therapy or non-pharmacological interventions. Our study shows that, during the antenatal and postnatal period, women required more anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, and anxiolytic drugs. Conclusion:: Although BZDs and Z-drugs are effective in managing insomnia during peripartum and post-partum, they are either ineffective or contraindicated for managing anxiety and depression in pregnant women compared to anxiolytics and anti-depressants.