Susceptibility of Glutathione--S-Transferase Polymorphism to CVD Development in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Review

Abstract

Background: Metabolic disorder affects normal homeostasis and can lead to the development of diseases. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder, and a cluster of metabolic conditions can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Diabetes mellitus and CVD are closely related, with oxidative stress, playing a major role in the pathophysiology. Glutathione-S-Transferases (GST) potentially play an important role by reducing oxidative stress and is found to be the underlying pathophysiology in the development of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), etc. Objectives: In this review, the role of GST genetic variant in the development of diabetes mellitus, CVD and diabetic vascular complications has been focused. Results: Based on the literature, it is evident that the GST can act as an important biochemical tool providing significant evidence regarding oxidative stress predominant in the development of diseases. Analysis of GST gene status, particularly detection of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null mutations and GSTP1 polymorphism, have clinical importance. Conclusion: The analysis of GST polymorphism may help identify the people at risk and provide proper medical management. Genotyping of GST gene would be a helpful biomarker for early diagnosis of CVD development in DM and also in CVD cases. More studies focusing on the association of GST polymorphism with CVD development in diabetic patients will help us determine the pathophysiology better.