Engineering Properties and Performance of Dental Crowns

Abstract

Dental crowns are used to replace damaged natural crowns of teeth and are fixed to prepared teeth with luting cements, which should provide an adhesive bond to the tooth structure giving reliable retention and minimal microleakage. Mechanical testing of crowns in vitro gives failure load distributions that are well described by Weibull models, comparing probabilities of survival and reliability. Fatigue testing of crowns is time consuming, but regression analysis to interpolate functions through data points quoting probability limits or applying Weibull analysis is achievable. A complementary approach is to conduct materials tests with appropriate interfacial geometries. Luting cements are used in thin layers of 40–150 um. Contraction during polymerization is restrained by adhesion to substrates, allowing little relaxation of stresses. Conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements create thin zones of interaction with dentine and fail cohesively. The chevron notch short rod technique has been used to measure fracture toughness and rank cements. A development of this method, using chevron notch short bar specimens, permitted fracture toughness to be determined for luting cement-dentine substrate interfaces. Representative fracture experiments need to be developed to apply mixed mode conditions. The basic challenge to predict long-term performance from short-term laboratory tests remains.