An exact method for the sphericity measurement of soccer balls-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

An exact method for the sphericity measurement of soccer balls

Published:2003-05-01 Issue:5 Volume:217 Page:715-719
ISSN:0954-4054
Container-title:Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture
language:en
Short-container-title:Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture

Author:

Neilson P J¹,Jones R¹

Affiliation:

1. Loughborough University Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Leicestershire, UK

Abstract

The most popular games in the world are ball sports. Generally, ball properties such as weight, circumference and sphericity are specified in the rules and determine the ball quality. The current method of sphericity measurement employed by the Federation International Football Association (FIFA) is to measure the ball diameter at 16 points and then calculate the mean average. The sphericity of the ball is inferred from the diametric measurements. Unfortunately, diameter measurement does not guarantee sphericity, and a new technique has been developed to measure ball sphericity using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). In this method a representative sample of the ball surface is probed/measured to give three-dimensional coordinates of defined points, nominally the ball panel centres. Computer software is then used to fit a least-squares sphere approximation to the ball data, giving a unique value for ball sphericity. Measurements were taken of six different brand type balls, with a sample of four balls of each brand; all balls were inflated to the same pressure. The results show that the new method of sphericity measurement suggested here gives a unique assessment of sphericity. The errors obtained from the new method are such that the FIFA error specification may need reconsideration.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Mechanical Engineering

Link

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1243/095440503322011452

Reference4 articles.

1. The FIFA Guide to Football Quality http://www.fifa.com/qualityconcept/footballs,E.html.

2. Hume K. J. Worked Examples in Engineering Metrology, 1968, pp. 62–63 (Macdonald and Company Limited).

3. Dagnall H. Let's Talk Roundness, 1976, pp. 60–61 (Rank Taylor Hobson).

4. Bui S.H. University of North Carolina, Least Square Best Fit Sphere. (http://www.coe.unce.edu/-shbui/btry053/lsq_minimax/Lsq_minimax.html).

Cited by 5 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. The real-time measurement of football aerodynamic loads under spinning conditions;Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology;2016-11-24

2. Mechanical factors associated with the development of training volleyballs;Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology;2015-04-09

3. The aerodynamic performance of a range of FIFA-approved footballs;Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology;2011-09-30

4. Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs;Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science;2008-02-01

5. Polymeric Nanocomposites for Tribological Applications;Macromolecular Materials and Engineering;2007-04-12