A critique of ANSI SQL isolation levels

Author:

Berenson Hal1,Bernstein Phil1,Gray Jim2,Melton Jim3,O'Neil Elizabeth4,O'Neil Patrick

Affiliation:

1. Microsoft Corp.

2. U.C. Berkeley

3. Sybase Corp.

4. UMss/Boston

Abstract

ANSI SQL-92 [MS, ANSI] defines Isolation Levels in terms of phenomena: Dirty Reads, Non-Repeatable Reads, and Phantoms. This paper shows that these phenomena and the ANSI SQL definitions fail to properly characterize several popular isolation levels, including the standard locking implementations of the levels covered. Ambiguity in the statement of the phenomena is investigated and a more formal statement is arrived at; in addition new phenomena that better characterize isolation types are introduced. Finally, an important multiversion isolation type, called Snapshot Isolation, is defined.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Subject

Information Systems,Software

Reference18 articles.

1. ANSI X3.135-1992 American National Standard for Information Systems -- Database Language -- SQL November 1992 ANSI X3.135-1992 American National Standard for Information Systems -- Database Language -- SQL November 1992

2. V. Atluri E. Bertino S. Jajodia "A Theoretical Formulation for Degrees of Isolation in Databases " Technical Report George Mason University Fairfax VA 1995 V. Atluri E. Bertino S. Jajodia "A Theoretical Formulation for Degrees of Isolation in Databases " Technical Report George Mason University Fairfax VA 1995

3. P. A. Bernstein V. Hadzilacos N. Goodman "Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems " Addison-Wesley 1987. P. A. Bernstein V. Hadzilacos N. Goodman "Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems " Addison-Wesley 1987.

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