3D Morphable Face Models—Past, Present, and Future

Author:

Egger Bernhard1ORCID,Smith William A. P.2,Tewari Ayush3,Wuhrer Stefanie4,Zollhoefer Michael5,Beeler Thabo6,Bernard Florian3,Bolkart Timo7,Kortylewski Adam8,Romdhani Sami9,Theobalt Christian3,Blanz Volker10,Vetter Thomas11

Affiliation:

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

2. University of York, York, UK

3. Max Planck Institute for Informatics 8 Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarbruecken, Germany

4. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inria, CNRS, Grenoble INP*, LJK, 38000 Grenoble, France

5. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

6. Disney Research|Studios, Switzerland

7. Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Germany

8. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

9. IDEMIA, France

10. University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

11. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Abstract

In this article, we provide a detailed survey of 3D Morphable Face Models over the 20 years since they were first proposed. The challenges in building and applying these models, namely, capture, modeling, image formation, and image analysis, are still active research topics, and we review the state-of-the-art in each of these areas. We also look ahead, identifying unsolved challenges, proposing directions for future research, and highlighting the broad range of current and future applications.

Funder

Early PostDoc Mobility Grant

Swiss National Science Foundation

Max Planck Center for Visual Computing and Communications

ERC Consolidator Grant 4DRepLy

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Subject

Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design

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