Warm-Starting and Quantum Computing: A Systematic Mapping Study

Abstract

Due to low numbers of qubits and their error-proneness, Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers impose constraints on the size of quantum algorithms they can successfully execute. State-of-the-art research introduces various techniques addressing these limitations by utilizing known or inexpensively generated approximations, solutions, or models as a starting point to approach a task instead of starting from scratch. These so-called warm-starting techniques aim to reduce quantum resource consumption, thus facilitating the design of algorithms suiting the capabilities of NISQ computers. In this work, we collect and analyze scientific literature on warm-starting techniques in the quantum computing domain. In particular, we (i) create a systematic map of state-of-the-art research on warm-starting techniques using established guidelines for systematic mapping studies, (ii) identify relevant properties of such techniques, and (iii) based on these properties classify the techniques identified in the literature in an extensible classification scheme. Our results provide insights into the research field and aim to help quantum software engineers to categorize warm-starting techniques and apply them in practice. Moreover, our contributions may serve as a starting point for further research on the warm-starting topic since they provide an overview of existing work and facilitate the identification of research gaps.