Affiliation:
1. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
2. Institute of Informatics, University of Warsaw, Poland, Warszawa
3. Institute for Computer Science and Control, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA SZTAKI), Budapest, Hungary
Abstract
Given a graph
G
and an integer
k
, the
Feedback Vertex Set
(FVS) problem asks if there is a vertex set
T
of size at most
k
that hits all cycles in the graph. The first fixed-parameter algorithm for FVS in undirected graphs appeared in a monograph of Mehlhorn in 1984. The fixed-parameter tractability (FPT) status of FVS in directed graphs was a long-standing open problem until Chen et al. (STOC ’08, JACM ’08) showed that it is fixed-parameter tractable by giving a 4
k
k
! ·
n
O
(1)
time algorithm. There are two subset versions of this problems: We are given an additional subset
S
of vertices (resp., edges), and we want to hit all cycles passing through a vertex of
S
(resp., an edge of
S
); the two variants are known to be equivalent in the parameterized sense. Recently, the
Subset
FVS problem in undirected graphs was shown to be FPT by Cygan et al. (ICALP’11, SIDMA’13) and independently by Kakimura et al. (SODA ’12). We generalize the result of Chen et al. (STOC ’08, JACM ’08) by showing that a
Subset
FVS in directed graphs can be solved in time 2
O
(
k
3
)
ċ
n
O
(1)
(i.e., FPT parameterized by size
k
of the solution). By our result, we complete the picture for FVS problems and their subset versions in undirected and directed graphs. The technique of random sampling of important separators was used by Marx and Razgon (STOC ’11, SICOMP ’14) to show that
Undirected Multicut
is FPT, and it was generalized by Chitnis et al. (SODA ’12, SICOMP ’13) to directed graphs to show that
Directed Multiway Cut
is FPT. In addition to proving the FPT of a
Directed Subset
FVS, we reformulate the random sampling of important separators technique in an abstract way that can be used with a general family of transversal problems. We believe this general approach will be useful for showing the FPT of other problems in directed graphs. Moreover, we modify the probability distribution used in the technique to achieve better running time; in particular, this gives an improvement from 2
2
O
(
k
)
to 2
O
(
k
2
)
in the parameter dependence of the
Directed Multiway Cut
algorithm of Chitnis et al. (SODA ’12, SICOMP ’13).
Funder
NSF CAREER award 1053605
ONR YIP award N000141110662
Graduate Student International Research Fellowship from the University of Maryland and a Simons Award for Graduate Students in Theoretical Computer Science
NCN
DARPA/AFRL award FA8650-11-1-7162
Foundation for Polish Science
OTKA
University of Maryland Research and Scholarship Award (RASA)
ERC Starting
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Subject
Mathematics (miscellaneous)
Cited by
29 articles.
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